"Neurodivergent" is a word more and more people are using to describe themselves — but it's also one that gets misunderstood often. As a clinical psychologist who works with both children and adults navigating ADHD, autism, and the overlap between the two, I want to offer a clearer, more affirming picture of what this word actually means.

At its simplest, neurodivergence describes natural variation in how human brains work — in attention, sensory processing, social communication, and learning. It is not a deficit to be fixed. It is a different operating system, and one that comes with both real strengths and real challenges depending on the environment a person is in.

"You are not broken. Your brain works differently — and different is not less."

The language we use matters

The term neurodivergent was coined by sociologist Judy Singer in the late 1990s, growing out of the autistic self-advocacy movement. It sits in contrast to "neurotypical" — brains that develop and function in ways considered standard by society. Importantly, neurodivergence is not a diagnosis in itself; it's an umbrella term that includes autism, ADHD, dyslexia, dyspraxia, Tourette's, and several other neurological differences.

We are moving, slowly but surely, away from purely deficit-based language ("disorder," "dysfunction") toward language that recognises difference without erasing the real difficulties that can come with it. Both things can be true at once: your brain works differently and some days that difference is genuinely hard to live with in a world not built for it.

What is ADHD, really?

ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) is far more than "can't sit still" or "talks too much in class" — the stereotypes most people in India grew up hearing. ADHD affects executive functioning: the brain's ability to plan, prioritise, regulate emotion, manage time, and sustain attention on tasks that aren't inherently interesting.

Inattentive presentation: Difficulty sustaining focus, losing track of tasks, appearing "spaced out," frequently misplacing things, struggling to follow through on plans — often missed entirely in quiet, well-behaved children, especially girls.
Hyperactive-impulsive presentation: Restlessness, difficulty waiting, interrupting, acting before thinking through consequences.
Combined presentation: A mix of both — the most commonly recognised, though not the only valid pattern.
In adults: Chronic disorganisation, time blindness, emotional dysregulation, a long history of "underachieving despite potential," and exhaustion from masking these traits at work.

What is autism, really?

Autism is a neurodevelopmental difference affecting social communication, sensory processing, and patterns of interest and behaviour. Like ADHD, it exists on a wide spectrum, and presents very differently across individuals — and especially differently across genders, which is a major reason so many autistic women and girls are diagnosed late or missed entirely.

Social communication differences: Difficulty with unspoken social rules, a preference for direct communication, finding small talk draining, or needing more time to process social information.
Sensory differences: Heightened or reduced sensitivity to sound, light, texture, or touch — leading to overwhelm in busy or loud environments.
Special interests & routines: Deep, focused interests and a strong preference for predictability and routine, which provide genuine comfort and regulation.
Masking: Many autistic people, especially those diagnosed in adulthood, have spent years consciously suppressing natural traits to fit in — which is exhausting and linked to burnout, anxiety, and depression.

What is AuDHD?

"AuDHD" is the informal but increasingly common term for the overlap of autism and ADHD in the same person — and it's far more common than once thought. Living at this intersection can feel contradictory: ADHD might pull you toward novelty and impulsivity, while autism pulls you toward routine and predictability. The result is often a uniquely exhausting internal tug-of-war that doesn't fit neatly into either diagnosis alone — which is exactly why many AuDHD adults describe years of feeling like they didn't fully belong to either community.

On masking and burnout: Many neurodivergent adults — particularly women, and particularly those who were "high-achieving" children — go years without a diagnosis because they learned, often unconsciously, to mask their traits to survive school and social environments. This constant effort is exhausting, and frequently leads to what's now called autistic burnout or ADHD burnout: a state of chronic exhaustion, reduced functioning, and loss of skills that were previously manageable.

Why assessment and language matter

A formal assessment isn't about putting a label on someone for the sake of it. For many people, it is the missing piece that finally makes their lived experience make sense — replacing years of "why can't I just be normal" with "this is how my brain works, and here's how to work with it rather than against it."

At Sneh Shanti Clinic, our approach to neurodivergence assessment and support is affirming rather than pathologising. That means we don't see ADHD or autism as something to be "cured" — we see them as part of who you are, and we work collaboratively to identify supports, accommodations, and strategies that genuinely fit your brain.

What support actually looks like

A note for parents: If you suspect your child may be neurodivergent, please know that earlier understanding — not necessarily earlier "treatment" — tends to lead to better long-term wellbeing. The goal of assessment is to understand your child more fully, not to change who they fundamentally are.

Ready to talk to someone?

Our team at Sneh Shanti Clinic offers affirming, confidential support. In-person in Vaishali, Ghaziabad, and online across India.

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SD
Dr. Sneha Das
Consultant Clinical Psychologist · Child & Adolescent Specialist
M.Sc., M.Phil. (IOP, Kolkata), Ph.D. Clinical Psychology (CIP, Ranchi). RCI Licensed (A59238). 10+ years clinical experience. Ex-faculty, INHS Asvini. 5 peer-reviewed publications.